Stuff gets 'found' on planes all the time. I've seen logbook entries along the lines of 'automotive style engine heater found installed on firewall and removed'. XYZ GPS found installed. Installation inspected and found to conform with...., W&B updated. Not ideal, but with 50 year old planes you have to accept that standards and 'acceptable practices' have changed a lot over the years.
In your situation, I would do the following:
1) Keep looking for the logbook entry / previous records / painter etc.
2) At the next annual (or sooner if its worrying you), get your IA to inspect and sign off all the usual items he would do after a paint job. I don't think W&B generally gets redone after a paint job if its a strip and paint (anyone care to comment on this and the results of re-weighing?). Control surface rebalancing - I would say that is a 'must' after a paint job, but check the maintenance manual, it might have specific instructions for each control surface? It's not a huge job to rebalance, and take the opportunity to thoroughly inspect balance weights, for corrosion, turnbuckles, rod ends, install new bolts etc.
3) Inspect for any other hidden damage. Unfortunately I can see an unscrupulous owner / IA wanting to hide an incident, gear up, hail damage, worse? Fix the damage, paint the plane, sell it...But if the owner who had it painted kept the plane for several years after the paint, its unlikely?
Don