I took another shot at this with the magnet after letting the filter element dry for another day, and I collected more metal. This stuff is really really fine - teeny tiny little flakes of metal. I tried to collect as much as I could in an envelope (below), but it's really hard to work with - the little bits are covered in oil. Most of what you see in the photo below is just clumps of oil with a ton of little glitter pieces stuck in it.
I looked at Lycoming SB 480F (attached), and this doesn't seem to fit cleanly into any of their categories. It's clearly ferrous metal, since it sticks to my magnet, but there's a ton of tiny little pieces. Probably hundreds of them, but all amounting to (I'm guessing) less than 1/4 teaspoon at most. I'll never be able to collect all of them or get a real measurement.
The only categories that seem to apply to me are the "10 or fewer short hair-like pieces of metallic metal" (which isn't right for several reasons) or "1/2 teaspoonful" of metal (I don't have anywhere near that much).
Going back to the "if metal found" article from Lycoming, these are definitely shiny, flake-like metal, but it's magnetic - not non-magnetic. So I can't find any advice that directly applies.
Lycoming SB480F.pdf